The main equipment in a substation is described in more detail below.
- Transformers are the core equipment of substations, stepping up and down voltage. Large transformers use cooling oil to efficiently dissipate heat. The latest amorphous transformers and top-runner transformers contribute to improving energy efficiency.
- Circuit breakers play a vital role in interrupting current in the event of an accident or overload. They operate at high speed and have excellent arc extinguishing capabilities.
- On the other hand, disconnectors open and close the circuit when there is no load, and are used to ensure safety during maintenance and inspection.
- Switchgear controls the flow of electrical power. There are indoor switchgears and outdoor gas-insulated switchgears (GIS) to ensure reliability and safety.
- A busbar is a conductor that distributes power within a substation. It has multiple connection points and allows for efficient power transfer.
- A protective relay is a control device that detects abnormalities in the power system and issues operation commands to circuit breakers.
- Advances in digital technology have made it possible to provide advanced protective functions and remote monitoring.
- Instrument transformers measure voltage and current and provide information to control and protection systems.
- Surge arresters play an important role in protecting equipment from lightning strikes and switching surges.
By working together, these devices enable substations to maintain the stability and reliability of the power grid. The introduction of monitoring systems that utilize the latest IoT technology has enabled efficient operation and maintenance.